Understanding Kidney Health: A Comprehensive Guide

Common Kidney Diseases

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Chronic kidney disease is the gradual loss of kidney function over time. It is classified into five stages based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR):

• Stage 1: Normal kidney function (GFR ≥ 90)
• Stage 2: Mild decrease in function (GFR 60-89)
• Stage 3a: Moderate decrease (GFR 45-59)
• Stage 3b: Moderate decrease (GFR 30-44)
• Stage 4: Severe decrease (GFR 15-29)
• Stage 5: Kidney failure (GFR < 15)

Early stages often have no symptoms, making screening important for at-risk individuals.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Unlike CKD, acute kidney injury develops suddenly, often due to infection, severe dehydration, medication, or traumatic injury. With prompt treatment, kidney function may return to normal.

Glomerulonephritis

This is inflammation of the glomeruli, the kidney's filtering units. It can develop suddenly or progress slowly and may result from infections, immune system diseases, or other conditions.

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

A genetic disorder where fluid-filled cysts develop in both kidneys, gradually replacing normal kidney tissue and impairing function.

Kidney Stones

Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause severe pain as they pass through the urinary tract.

Diabetic Nephropathy

High blood sugar damages blood vessels in the kidneys, a leading cause of kidney disease in developed countries.

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